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1/5 · INGLESE · inglese · INF-0190
What does 'throughput' mean in computer networks?
[A] The maximum theoretical speed of a network link
[B] The actual amount of data successfully transmitted per unit of time
[C] The time taken for a packet to travel from source to destination
[D] The number of devices connected to a network
Spiegazione
Throughput is the actual data transfer rate achieved in practice, which is always lower than the theoretical bandwidth due to overhead and congestion. Bandwidth is the theoretical max. Latency is the travel time.
2/5 · INGLESE · inglese · INF-0191
In software development, 'technical debt' refers to:
[A] The cost of software licenses and infrastructure
[B] The implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing a quick solution instead of a better approach
[C] The budget allocated for IT security measures
[D] The time needed to train new developers
Spiegazione
Technical debt (Ward Cunningham's metaphor) is the future cost of rework caused by taking shortcuts — like financial debt, it accumulates 'interest' (increasing cost to fix later).
3/5 · INGLESE · inglese · INF-0192
What is the primary purpose of an API Gateway in a microservices architecture?
[A] To store data permanently for microservices
[B] To act as a single entry point managing authentication, routing, rate limiting, and load balancing
[C] To compile and deploy microservices automatically
[D] To monitor network traffic between services
Spiegazione
An API Gateway is a reverse proxy handling cross-cutting concerns: authentication/authorization, SSL termination, rate limiting, request routing, load balancing, caching, and logging.
4/5 · INGLESE · inglese · INF-0193
What does 'idempotent' mean in REST API design?
[A] An operation that always returns different results
[B] An operation that produces the same result whether called once or multiple times with the same input
[C] An operation that requires authentication
[D] An operation that modifies server state with every call
Spiegazione
Idempotency: calling the same API endpoint multiple times with the same parameters produces the same result as calling it once. GET, PUT, DELETE are idempotent; POST typically is not.
5/5 · INGLESE · inglese · INF-0194
In IT security, what is a 'zero-day vulnerability'?
[A] A vulnerability that has been known for zero days (just discovered by researchers)
[B] A vulnerability unknown to the software vendor, for which no patch exists yet
[C] A vulnerability that takes zero seconds to exploit
[D] A vulnerability that exists only in version 0 of a software
Spiegazione
A zero-day vulnerability is unknown to the vendor or the public, so there is no patch available. It's extremely dangerous because defenders have 'zero days' to prepare before attackers can exploit it.