Area INGLESE — Lingua inglese (B1) · Concorso Funzionario Informatico PA

1. Rif. INF-0086 · Tipo: profilo

What does 'stakeholder' mean in a project management context?

[A] A person who holds the project budget

[B] Any individual or group with an interest in or affected by the project outcomes ✓

[C] The project manager's direct supervisor

[D] A technical expert responsible for testing

Spiegazione

✅ B. A 'stakeholder' is anyone with an interest in the project: sponsors, users, team members, regulators, affected communities. ❌ A: the budget holder is the sponsor or PMO, a subset of stakeholders. ❌ C: the supervisor may be a stakeholder but it's not the definition. ❌ D: a tester is a team role, not the meaning of stakeholder.

2. Rif. INF-0087 · Tipo: profilo

In IT, 'to deploy' means:

[A] To design the architecture of a system

[B] To release and install a software application into a production or target environment ✓

[C] To document the technical specifications

[D] To test a system for vulnerabilities

Spiegazione

✅ B. 'Deploy' = rilasciare e installare il software nell'ambiente di destinazione (produzione, test, cloud). ❌ A: design is 'to architect' or 'to design'. ❌ C: documentation is 'to document'. ❌ D: vulnerability testing is 'to pen-test' or 'to assess'.

3. Rif. INF-0088 · Tipo: profilo

Choose the correct sentence:

[A] If the backup fails, we loose all data.

[B] If the backup fails, we will lose all data. ✓

[C] If the backup will fail, we lose all data.

[D] If the backup failed, we will lose all data.

Spiegazione

✅ B. First conditional (real possibility): If + present simple → will + infinitive. 'Lose' (not 'loose') is the correct spelling. ❌ A: 'loose' is an adjective (lento/allentato); the verb is 'lose'. ❌ C: 'will fail' in the if-clause is incorrect in first conditional. ❌ D: mixing past simple with 'will' creates an incorrect conditional form.

4. Rif. INF-0089 · Tipo: profilo

What does 'compliance' mean in a regulatory context?

[A] A software feature for data compression

[B] Adherence to laws, regulations, standards and internal policies ✓

[C] A type of network security protocol

[D] The process of compiling source code into executable files

Spiegazione

✅ B. 'Compliance' = conformità alle leggi, regolamenti, standard (es. GDPR compliance, NIS2 compliance). ❌ A: 'compression' refers to data size reduction. ❌ C: compliance is not a network protocol. ❌ D: 'compiling' is the technical process of code compilation — unrelated.

5. Rif. INF-0090 · Tipo: profilo

A 'legacy system' in IT refers to:

[A] A newly deployed cloud-native application

[B] An outdated technology or system still in use, often difficult to replace or integrate with modern systems ✓

[C] A system that manages software licences

[D] A backup system used as a secondary option

Spiegazione

✅ B. 'Legacy system' = sistema obsoleto ancora in uso (es. applicativi COBOL del 1980 ancora attivi in banche o PA). Difficile da mantenere, aggiornare e integrare con architetture moderne. ❌ A: il contrario di legacy. ❌ C: license management system è un'altra cosa. ❌ D: un backup system ha una funzione specifica diversa.

6. Rif. INF-0190 · Tipo: inglese

What does 'throughput' mean in computer networks?

[A] The maximum theoretical speed of a network link

[B] The actual amount of data successfully transmitted per unit of time ✓

[C] The time taken for a packet to travel from source to destination

[D] The number of devices connected to a network

Spiegazione

Throughput is the actual data transfer rate achieved in practice, which is always lower than the theoretical bandwidth due to overhead and congestion. Bandwidth is the theoretical max. Latency is the travel time.

7. Rif. INF-0191 · Tipo: inglese

In software development, 'technical debt' refers to:

[A] The cost of software licenses and infrastructure

[B] The implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing a quick solution instead of a better approach ✓

[C] The budget allocated for IT security measures

[D] The time needed to train new developers

Spiegazione

Technical debt (Ward Cunningham's metaphor) is the future cost of rework caused by taking shortcuts — like financial debt, it accumulates 'interest' (increasing cost to fix later).

8. Rif. INF-0192 · Tipo: inglese

What is the primary purpose of an API Gateway in a microservices architecture?

[A] To store data permanently for microservices

[B] To act as a single entry point managing authentication, routing, rate limiting, and load balancing ✓

[C] To compile and deploy microservices automatically

[D] To monitor network traffic between services

Spiegazione

An API Gateway is a reverse proxy handling cross-cutting concerns: authentication/authorization, SSL termination, rate limiting, request routing, load balancing, caching, and logging.

9. Rif. INF-0193 · Tipo: inglese

What does 'idempotent' mean in REST API design?

[A] An operation that always returns different results

[B] An operation that produces the same result whether called once or multiple times with the same input ✓

[C] An operation that requires authentication

[D] An operation that modifies server state with every call

Spiegazione

Idempotency: calling the same API endpoint multiple times with the same parameters produces the same result as calling it once. GET, PUT, DELETE are idempotent; POST typically is not.

10. Rif. INF-0194 · Tipo: inglese

In IT security, what is a 'zero-day vulnerability'?

[A] A vulnerability that has been known for zero days (just discovered by researchers)

[B] A vulnerability unknown to the software vendor, for which no patch exists yet ✓

[C] A vulnerability that takes zero seconds to exploit

[D] A vulnerability that exists only in version 0 of a software

Spiegazione

A zero-day vulnerability is unknown to the vendor or the public, so there is no patch available. It's extremely dangerous because defenders have 'zero days' to prepare before attackers can exploit it.

Area INGLESE — Lingua inglese (B1)

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